Light Assembly for Providing Substantially Uniform Illumination

ABSTRACT

A lighting assembly can be used for illuminating a predetermined area. The assembly includes a number of LEDs directed toward the predetermined area and a number of lenses. Each lens is disposed over only one associated LED and is configured to direct light from that LED toward the predetermined area, such that the light from each lens is directed across the entire predetermined area. The light intensity from each lens is substantially uniform across the entire predetermined area.

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/836,517, filed Mar. 15, 2013 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,974,077, issuedMar. 10, 2015), which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional ApplicationNo. 61/677,346, filed on Jul. 30, 2012, which applications are herebyincorporated herein by reference.

This application is related to U.S. patent application No. 61/677,340,filed Jul. 20, 2012, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/836,612, filedMar. 15, 2013 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,870,410) and U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 14/137,343, filed Dec. 20, 2013 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,870,413).This application is also related to U.S. patent application no.14/______, filed concurrently herewith.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The following disclosure relates to lighting systems and, moreparticularly, to lighting systems using light emitting diodes toexternally illuminate signs.

SUMMARY

The present invention, in one aspect thereof, comprises a back panel foruse in a light emitting diode (LED) lighting assembly. An extrudedsubstrate formed of a thermally conductive material is provided, thesubstrate having a plurality of fins extending from a first side of thesubstrate, each of the fins having a substantially rectangular shapeoriented so that a longitudinal axis of the fin is substantiallyparallel to a longitudinal axis of the substrate. At least some of thefins include a hole formed through the fin to enable heated air to risethrough the fins. A plurality of LEDs are mounted on a second side ofthe substrate, and oriented in a longitudinal orientation with the finsoriented parallel to the bottom edge of a surface to be illuminated,such that heat rises perpendicular to the surface of the fin.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding, reference is now made to thefollowing description taken in conjunction with the accompanyingDrawings in which:

FIG. 1A illustrates one embodiment of a billboard that may be externallylighted by one or more lighting assemblies;

FIGS. 1B-1D illustrate embodiments of angular positions of the lightingassembly of FIG. 1 relative to the billboard;

FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of a lighting assembly that may beused to light the billboard of FIG. 1;

FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate one embodiment of a back panel that may beused in the lighting assembly of FIG. 2;

FIG. 3C illustrates one embodiment of the back panel of FIGS. 3A and 3Bwith a light panel and an optics panel that may also be used in thelighting assembly of FIG. 2;

FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate one embodiment of a light panel that may beused with the lighting assembly of FIG. 2;

FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C and 5D illustrate one embodiment of an optics panelthat may be used with the lighting assembly of FIG. 2;

FIGS. 6A-6C illustrate a more detailed embodiment of the lightingassembly of FIG. 2;

FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate an embodiment of a back panel that may beused with the lighting assembly of FIGS. 6A-6C;

FIG. 8A illustrates an embodiment of an LED assembly and an optics panelthat may be used with the lighting assembly of FIG. 6;

FIGS. 8B-8J illustrates embodiments of the optics panel of FIG. 8A andoptical elements that may be used to form part of the optics panel; and

FIG. 9 illustrates a more detailed embodiment of the lighting assemblyof FIG. 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

Billboards, such as those commonly used for advertising in cities andalong roads, often have a picture and/or text that must be externallyilluminated to be visible in low-light conditions. As technology hasadvanced and introduced new lighting devices such as the light emittingdiode (LED), such advances have been applied to billboards. However,current lighting designs have limitations and improvements are needed.Although billboards are used herein for purposes of example, it isunderstood that the present disclosure may be applied to lighting forany type of sign that is externally illuminated.

Referring to FIG. 1A, one embodiment of a billboard 100 is illustrated.The billboard 100 includes a surface 102 onto which a picture and/ortext may be painted, mounted, or otherwise affixed. The surface 102 maybe any size, such as a commonly used size having a width of forty-eightfeet wide and a height of fourteen feet. The surface 102 may be providedby placing a backing material on a frame 104 made of steel and/or othermaterials. The frame 104 may be mounted on one or more support poles106, which may be considered part of the frame 104 or separate from theframe 104. The billboard 100 may include a walkway or other supportstructure 108 that enables the surface 102 to be more easily accessed.

One or more lighting assemblies 110 may be coupled to the walkway 108(e.g., to a safety rail or to the walkway itself) and/or to anotherstructural member of the billboard 100 to illuminate some or all of thesurface 102 in low light conditions. The lighting assembly 110 may bemounted at or near a top edge 112 of the billboard 100, a bottom edge114 of the billboard 100, a right edge 116 of the billboard 100, and/ora bottom edge 118 of the billboard 100. The lighting assembly 110 may becentered (e.g., located in approximately the center of the billboard100) or off center as illustrated in FIG. 1A.

With additional reference to FIGS. 1B-1D, a surface 120 of the lightingassembly 110 may be parallel with respect to the surface 102 of thebillboard 100 (FIG. 1B), may be perpendicular with respect to thesurface 102 (FIG. 1C), or may be angled with respect to the surface 102(FIG. 1D). It is understood that the lighting assembly 110 may be placedin many different orientations and locations relative to the billboard100 and to one another, and the illustrated positions are only forpurposes of example. Furthermore, it is understood that references to“top,” “bottom,” “left,” and “right” are used in the present disclosurefor purposes of description and do not necessarily denote a fixedposition. For example, the billboard 100 may be turned on end, and thereferenced “top,” “bottom,” “left,” and “right” edges may still bereadily identifiable although the “top” edge would be the “left” edge orthe “right” edge.

One problem with current lighting technology is that it can be difficultto direct light only onto the surface 102 and even more difficult to doso evenly. This may be due partly to the placement of the lightingassembly 110, as shown in FIGS. 1B-1D. As the lighting assembly 110 isoff center relative to the surface 102, light emitted from the lightingassembly 110 may not evenly strike the surface 102. One problem withuneven illumination is that certain parts of the surface 102 may be morebrightly illuminated than other parts. This creates “hot spots” that maybe undesirable. Attempting to evenly illuminate the surface 102 maycause light to be directed past the edges 112, 114, 116, and 118 asattempts are made to balance out hot spots in particular areas. However,light that does not strike the surface 102 is wasted and may createproblems (e.g., light pollution), as well as waste illumination thatcould be used for the surface 102.

In addition to the difficulties of evenly illuminating the surface 102,the use of LEDs in an exterior lighting environment involves issues suchas heat dissipation and protecting the LEDs against environmentalconditions such as moisture. The presence of moving mechanical featuressuch as fans that may be used to provide increased airflow for coolingmay create additional reliability problems. Due to the difficulty andexpense of replacing and/or repairing the lighting assembly 110 incombination with the desire to provide consistent lighting whileminimizing downtime, such issues should be addressed in a manner thatenhances reliability and uptime.

Referring to FIG. 2, one embodiment of a lighting assembly 200 isillustrated. The lighting assembly 200 provides a more detailedembodiment of the lighting assembly 110 of FIG. 1. The lighting assembly200 includes a back panel 202, a light panel 204 (e.g., a printedcircuit board (PCB)) having a plurality of LEDs (not shown) mountedthereon, and an optics panel 206. As will be described below in moredetailed examples, light from the LEDs of the light panel 204 may bedirected by the optics panel 206 to illuminate the surface 102 of thebillboard 100 of FIG. 1. The back panel 202 may be configured to serveas a supporting substrate for the light panel 204 and optics panel 206,as well as to dissipate heat produced by the LEDs.

It is understood that any of the back panel 202, light panel 204, andoptics panel 206 may actually be two or more physical substrates ratherthan a single panel as illustrated in FIG. 2. Furthermore, it isunderstood that there may be additional panels positioned behind theback panel 202, in front of the optics panel 206, and/or between theback panel 202 and light panel 204 and/or between the light panel 204and optics panel 206.

Referring to FIGS. 3A-3C, one embodiment of the back panel 202 isillustrated with a front surface 302 and a back surface 304. The backpanel 202 includes a top edge 306, a bottom edge 308, a right edge 310,and a left edge 312. The panel 202 may be formed of one or morethermally conductive materials (e.g., aluminum) and/or other materials.

The front surface 302 provides a mounting surface for the light panel204. In some embodiments, the front surface 302 of the panel 202 mayinclude one or more protrusions 314 a and 314 b that are substantiallyparallel to the top edge 306. The protrusions 314 a and 314 b may beconfigured to protect the light panel 204 from moisture. Although onlytwo protrusions 314 a and 314 b are illustrated, it is understood that asingle protrusion may be provided or three or more protrusions may beprovided. Furthermore, such protrusions may vary in length, shape (e.g.,may have angled or curved surfaces), orientation, and/or location on thefront surface 302.

Referring specifically to FIG. 3C, a light panel 204 and an opticalpanel 206 may be mounted under the protrusion 314 a (FIG. 3C). Moisturerunning down the front surface 302 in the direction of arrow 316 maystrike the protrusion 314 a and be directed away from the light panel204 and optical panel 206 as shown by arrow 318. Although not shown,moisture may also be directed length down the protrusion 314 a.Accordingly, protrusion 314 a may serve as a gutter and aid in directingmoisture away from a joint 320 where the optical panel 206 abuts thefront surface 302. This may be beneficial even when a moisture resistantcompound is used to seal the joint 320. In embodiments where there aremultiple light panels 204 arranged vertically on the front surface 302,there may be a protrusion positioned above each light panel 204. Forexample, the protrusion 314 a may be positioned directly above one lightpanel 204 and the protrusion 314 b may be positioned directly aboveanother light panel 204.

Referring specifically to FIG. 3B, the back surface 304 may beconfigured to increase heat dissipation. For example, the back surface304 may be configured with a heat sink provided by fins 322 a-322N,where N denotes a total number of fins. The fins 322 a-322N increase thesurface area of the back surface 304, thereby providing for additionalheat dissipation to the surrounding air. The fins 322 a-322N may beformed as part of the panel 202 or may be otherwise coupled to the panel202 (e.g., may be part of a discrete heat sink that is coupled to theback surface 304). Some or all of the fins 322 a-322N may be angled, asshown by fins 322 a and 322 b. In some embodiments, holes (not shown)may be provided in some or all of the fins 322 a-322N to aid in aircirculation. In such embodiments, the holes may cause a chimney effectin which heated air rises through the holes and is replaced by coolerair. This may be particularly effective in environments where naturalair movement is limited.

Referring to FIGS. 4A and 4B, one embodiment of a single PCB 402 of thelight panel 204 is illustrated. In the present example, the light panel204 may include multiple PCBs 402, although it is understood that anynumber of PCBs may be used based on design issues such as the amount ofillumination needed, the amount of illumination provided by a single PCB402, the size of the surface 102 of the billboard 100, and/or otherfactors. As shown in the present embodiment with a substantiallyrectangular cross-section, the PCB 402 includes a front surface 404, aback surface 406, a top edge 408, a bottom edge 410, a right edge 412,and a left edge 414.

The PCB 402 may include one or more strings of LEDs 416, with multipleLEDs 416 in a string. For example, a string may include eight LEDs 416and each PCB 402 may include two strings for a total of sixteen LEDs416. In this configuration, a light panel 204 having eight PCBs 402would include ninety-six LEDs 416. It is understood that although thePCBs 402 are shown as being substantially identical, they may bedifferent in terms of size, shape, and other factors for a single lightpanel 204.

In the present example, the LEDs 416 are surface mounted, but it isunderstood that the LEDs 416 may be coupled to the panel 204 usingthrough hole or another coupling process. The surface mountedconfiguration may ensure that a maximum surface area of each LED 416 isin contact with the PCB 402, which is in turn in contact with the backpanel 202 responsible for heat dissipation. Each string of LEDs mayreceive a constant current with the current divided evenly among theLEDs 416.

Referring to FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C and 5D, one embodiment of a single lenspanel 500 of the optics panel 206 is illustrated. In the presentexample, the optics panel 206 may include multiple lens panels 500,although it is understood that any number of lens panels may be usedbased on design issues such as the number, arrangement, and orientationof the LEDs 416, the size of the surface 102, and/or other factors. Asshown in the present embodiment with a substantially rectangularcross-section that is configured for use with the PCB 402 of FIG. 4, asingle lens panel 500 includes a front surface 502, a back surface 504,a top side 506, a bottom side 508, a right side 510, and a left side512. The sides 506, 508, 510, and 512 may form a cavity into which thePCB 402 may fit, thereby providing protection for the PCB 402 fromenvironmental conditions such as moisture.

The lens panel 500 may include a beveled or angled top side 506 and/orbottom side 508 as illustrated in FIG. 5B. The beveling/angling may aidin preventing moisture from reaching the PCB 402 under the lens panel500, as water will more readily flow from the area of the joint 320(FIG. 3C) due to the angled surface than if the top side 506 wasrelatively flat.

The lens panel 500 may include multiple optical elements 514. A singleoptical element 514 may be provided for each LED 416, a single opticalelement 514 may be provided for multiple LEDs 416, and/or multipleoptical elements 514 may be provided for a single LED 416. In someembodiments, the optical elements 514 may be provided by a singlemulti-layer optical element system provided by the lens panel 500.

In the present example, the optical elements 514 are configured so thatthe light emitted from each LED 416 is projected onto the entire surface102 of the billboard 100. In other words, if all other LEDs 416 wereswitched off except for a single LED 416, the entire surface 102 wouldbe illuminated at the level of illumination provided by the single LED416. In one embodiment, the rectangular target area of the surface 102would be evenly illuminated by the LED 416, while areas beyond the edges112, 114, 116, and 118 would receive no illumination at all or at leasta minimal amount of illumination from the LED 416. What is meant by“evenly” is that the illumination with a uniformity that achieves a 3:1ratio of the average illumination to the minimum. Thus, by designing thelens in such a manner, when all LEDs are operating, the light form thecollective thereof will illuminate the surface at the 3:1 ratio. Whenone or more LEDs fail, the overall illumination decreases, but theuniformity maintains the same uniformity. Also, as describedhereinabove, the “surface” refers to the surface that is associated witha particular LED panel. It may be that an overall illuminated surface issegmented and multiple panels are provided, each associated with aparticular segment.

FIG. 5C illustrates a detail of the lens assembly. Each of the diodes416 is mounted on the board 408 at a minimum distance. Overlying theboard and LEDs 416 is transparent lens substrate 520. This substrate 520has a plurality of lens structures 522, each associated with one of theLEDs 416, such that each of the LEDs 416 has the light emitted therefromdirected outward towards the surface, each lens structure beingsubstantially the same. The minimum distance is designed such thatoverlapping light from adjacent LEDs does not create interferencepatterns and result in dead spots on the surface. The lens structure 522is designed to create the 3:1 uniformity and also, the lens structure isdesigned to “direct” the light from an edge of the surface to cover theentire surface. This is shown by the angle of the light rays in FIG. 5C.Also, the beveled edge 530 will basically surround the PCB 402, thusprotecting it from moisture. The lens substrate 520 is secured withscrews (not shown).

FIG. 5D illustrates a detail of the lens structure 522. This structureincludes an interior surface 524 and an exterior surface 526 that shapesand directs the light in the correct pattern. This is an acrylicmaterial. With such a design, the lighting assembly can be disposed atan edge of the surface to illuminate the entire surface.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, two lighting assemblies 110 maybe used. Each lighting assembly may be powered by a separate powersupply (not shown), and may be configured to illuminate the entiresurface 102. In such an embodiment, if one power supply fails, theremaining lighting assembly 110 will still illuminate the entire surface102, although at a lesser intensity than when both lighting assemblies110 are functioning. This provides evenly distributed illumination whenboth lighting assemblies 110 are functioning correctly, and continues toprovide evenly distributed illumination when one lighting assembly 110malfunctions. Accordingly, the entire surface 102 of the billboard 100may be illuminated even when an entire lighting assembly 110 hasmalfunctioned and is providing no illumination at all due to theredundancy provided by configuration of the lighting assemblies 110.

Furthermore, in some embodiments as described above, each LED 416 of asingle lighting assembly 110 may be configured via the optical elements514 to illuminate the entire surface 102. In such embodiments, if one ormore LEDs 416 or strings of LEDs fails, the remaining LEDs 416 willstill illuminate the entire surface 102, although at a lesser intensitythan when the failed LEDs 416 are functioning. This provides evenlydistributed illumination when all LEDs 416 are functioning correctly,and continues to provide evenly distributed illumination when one ormore LEDs are malfunctioning. Accordingly, the billboard 100 may beilluminated even when multiple LEDs 416 have malfunctioned and areproviding no illumination at all due to the redundancy provided byconfiguration of the lighting assemblies 110.

It is understood that some embodiments may direct substantially allillumination from a lighting assembly 110 evenly across the surface 102while some illumination is not evenly distributed. For example,substantially all LEDs 416 may be directed to each evenly illuminate thesurface 102 with the exception of a relatively small number of LEDs 416.In such cases, the illumination provided by the remaining LED or LEDs416 may be directed to one or more portions of the surface 102. If doneproperly, this may be accomplished while minimizing any noticeableunevenness in the overall illumination, even if one of the remainingLEDs 416 malfunctions. For example, the lighting assembly 110 may beconfigured to direct the illumination provided by one LED 416 to onlythe left half of the surface 102, while directing the illumination fromanother LED 416 to only the right half of the surface 102. The loss ofone of these two LEDs may not noticeably impact the illumination of thesurface 102. It is understood that such variations are within the scopeof this disclosure.

In embodiments where the illumination is evenly distributed across thesurface 102, it is understood that the optics panel 206 may beconfigured specifically for the light panel 204 and the surface 102. Forexample, assuming the surface 102 is forty-eight feet wide and sixteenfeet high, the lens panel 500 of FIG. 5 may be specifically designed foruse with the PCB 402 of FIG. 4. This design may be based on theparticular layout of the PCB 402 (e.g., the number and arrangement ofthe LEDs 416), the amount of illumination provided by the LEDs 416, thesize of the surface 102, the distance between the lens panel 500 and thesurface 102, the angle at which the lens panel 500 is mounted relativeto the surface 102 (e.g., FIGS. 1B-1D), and/or other factors.Accordingly, changes in any of these factors may entail a change in thedesign of the lens panel 500 in order to again evenly distribute theillumination provided by each LED 416 across the entire surface 102. Itis understood that various standard configurations of the lightingassembly 110 may be developed for various billboard and/or otherexternally illuminated signs so that a particular configuration may beprovided based on the parameters associated with a particular billboardand/or externally illuminated sign.

Referring to FIGS. 6A-6C, one embodiment of a lighting assembly 600 isillustrated that provides a more detailed embodiment of the lightingassembly 200 of FIG. 2. The lighting assembly 600 includes a back panel602, a light panel formed by multiple LED assemblies (denoted byreference number 800 in FIG. 8A), and an optics panel formed by multiplelens panels 604. Accordingly, as described previously, the light panel204 in the current example is represented by multiple LED assemblies 800and the optics panel 206 is represented by multiple lens panels 604. Inthe present embodiment, the lighting assembly 600 includes four LEDassemblies 800 and four lens panels 604.

Although various attachment mechanisms (e.g., threaded screws, bolts,and/or other fasteners) may be used to coupled the lens panels and LEDassemblies to the back panel 602, the present embodiment uses multiplethreaded fasteners 605 (e.g., screws) that extend through the lenspanels and the LED assemblies and engage threaded holes in the backpanel 602.

The lighting assembly 600 is also illustrated with a mounting plate 606that couples to the back panel 602 and to an adjustable mounting bracket608. The adjustable mounting bracket 608 may be used to couple thelighting assembly 600 to a portion of the billboard 100 (FIG. 1) and/orto another support member. A power supply enclosure 610 may be coupledto the mounting plate 606 and configured contain a power supply (notshown) capable of supplying power to LEDs of the LED assemblies 800. Itis noted that separating the power supply from the back panel 602 mayaid in heat dissipation by the back panel 602 as it does not have todissipate heat from the power supply to the same extent as if the powersupply was mounted directly to the back panel 602.

The location of the power supply may also be beneficial as snow notmelted by the heat produced by the LED may be melted by heat produced bythe power supply. This may aid in reducing snow buildup on the LEDs.

With additional reference to FIGS. 7A and 7B, one embodiment of the backpanel of FIG. 602 is illustrated. A front surface 700 includes multipleprotrusions 702 that may be configured to protect the light panels (notshown) against moisture as previously described. The front surface 700may include additional protrusions 704.

A back surface 706 includes multiple fins 708 that form a heat sink toaid in the dissipation of heat from the back panel 602. In the presentexample, the fins 708 are substantially rectangular in shape. In thepresent example, the back panel 602 is extruded and the fins 708 runparallel to the top edge with a longitudinal axis of each fin 708 beingsubstantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the back panel 602.Forming the fins 708 in a vertical manner is possible, but may increasethe cost of the back panel 602 due to the extrusion process. As shown,the fins 708 may be substantially perpendicular to the back surface 706,and/or may be angled. In the present example, the fins 708 are angledsuch that near the top of the back panel 702, the fins 708 are angledtowards the top.

Because the fins 708 are parallel to the top edge, heat may be trappeddue to its inability to rise vertically. Accordingly, holes 710 may bepresent in some or all of the fins 708 (marked but not actually visiblein the side view of FIG. 7B) to provide paths for the heat to risevertically in spite of the orientation of the fins 708. The holes 710may create a chimney effect that increases air flow across the fins 708and aids in the cooling process. In some embodiments, some or all of thefins 708 may be angled such that heat is not trapped.

The back surface 706 may also include a groove 712 that is configured toreceive a tongue of the mounting plate 606 in a tongue-in-groove manner.

With additional reference to FIGS. 8A-8J, embodiments of a single LEDassembly 800 and a single lens panel 604 that may be used with thelighting assembly 600 are illustrated. As shown, the single LED assembly800 and the single optics panel 604 may be configured for use together.

Referring specifically to FIG. 8A, the LED assembly 800 includes asubstrate 802 (e.g., a PCB) onto which are mounted multiple LEDs 804. Inthe present example, the LED assembly 800 includes two strings of eightLEDs 804 each for a total of sixteen LEDs 804. It is understood thatthis is merely an example, and there may be more or fewer LEDs 804 onthe light panel 800, and the LEDs 804 may be arranged in many differentways on the substrate 802.

Referring also to FIGS. 8B-8J, the optics panel 604 may include opticalelements 806 arranged on an upper surface 808 of the optics panel 604.The optics panel 604 may further include sides 810, 812, 814, and 816that are configured to fit around the edge of the substrate 802 of thelight panel 800. The bottom edge of each side 810, 812, 814, and 816abuts the front surface 700 of the back panel 602 and may be sealed tothe front surface 700 using a moisture resistant sealant.

As shown in FIGS. 8D-8H, a single optical element 806 may includemultiple lens elements designed to distribute the illumination providedby a single LED 804 across a surface such as the surface 102 of FIG. 1.A first lens element 820 may be positioned proximate to the LED 804, andadditional lens elements 822, 824, and 826 may be positioned above thelens element 820. Multiple optical elements 806 may be combined andformed as a single optics panel 604 that is configured to operate withthe LED assembly 800.

Referring to FIG. 9, another embodiment of a lighting assembly 900 isillustrated that provides a more detailed embodiment of the lightingassembly 200 of FIG. 2. The lighting assembly 900 is similar to thelighting assembly 600 of FIG. 6, but includes six LED assemblies ratherthan the four six LED assemblies of the lighting assembly 600. It isunderstood that the lighting assembly 900 may require a larger powersupply than the lighting assembly 600 (e.g., a one hundred and fiftywatt power supply instead of a one hundred and twenty watt powersupply).

Although the preferred embodiment has been described in detail, itshould be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterationscan be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of theinvention as defined by the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A lighting assembly for illumination of apredetermined area, the assembly comprising: a plurality of LEDsdirected toward the predetermined area; and a plurality of opticalelements, wherein each optical element is disposed over only oneassociated LED and is configured to direct light from that LED towardthe predetermined area, such that the light from each optical element isdirected across the entire predetermined area, wherein the lightintensity from each optical element is substantially uniform across theentire predetermined area.
 2. The lighting assembly of claim 1, whereinthe light intensity from each optical element is provided at auniformity ratio of average illumination to minimum illumination, theuniformity ratio being not more than 3:1.
 3. The lighting assembly ofclaim 1, further comprising a substantially transparent substrate,wherein the plurality of optical elements extend over a major surface ofthe substantially transparent substrate, the substantially transparentsubstrate disposed over the plurality of LEDs.
 4. The lighting assemblyof claim 3, wherein each of the plurality of optical elements comprisesa circular element overlying one of the LEDs.
 5. The lighting assemblyof claim 4, wherein each of the plurality of optical elements comprisesa dome shaped protrusion overlying one of the LEDs.
 6. The lightingassembly of claim 4, wherein the optical elements are arranged in tworows, each row comprising a plurality of LEDs.
 7. The lighting assemblyof claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of optical elements comprisesa first lens element and a second lens element disposed over the firstlens element.
 8. The lighting assembly of claim 1, wherein the pluralityof optical element are formed from an acrylic material.
 9. The lightingassembly of claim 1, wherein the lighting assembly is configured toilluminate a billboard display surface.
 10. The lighting assembly ofclaim 9, wherein the lighting assembly is configured for illuminatingthe billboard display surface between outer edges of the billboarddisplay surface, the predetermined area comprising the entirety of thebillboard display surface.
 11. The lighting assembly of claim 1, furthercomprising a heat sink and a power supply enclosure disposed on the heatsink, and wherein the power supply enclosure houses a power supplycapable to supply power to the plurality of LEDs.
 12. The lightingassembly of claim 1, further comprising a thermally conductivesubstrate, wherein the LEDs are secured to a first surface of thesubstrate and a plurality of fins extend away from a second surface ofthe substrate, the second surface opposite the first surface.
 13. Thelighting assembly of claim 12, the first surface of the substrate has afirst edge along a first direction and a second edge along a seconddirection perpendicular to the first direction; wherein the LEDs arepart of an LED panel and the optical elements are part of an opticspanel over the first surface along a third direction perpendicular tothe first and the second directions; and wherein the plurality of finscomprise a first fin, a second fin, and a third fin, wherein the firstfin and the second fin comprise a length along the first directionlonger than a width along the second direction, wherein the first fin isparallel to the second fin, wherein the second fin is oriented at anacute angle to the third fin, wherein the thermally conductive substratecomprises protrusions extending away from the first surface into thethird direction, wherein the protrusions comprise a length along thefirst direction longer than a width along the second direction.
 14. Abillboard comprising: a support structure; a display surface mounted onthe support structure; and the lighting assembly of claim 1 mounted onthe support structure and located such that the predetermined areacomprises at least a portion of the display surface.
 15. The billboardof claim 14, wherein the predetermined area comprises the entire displaysurface.
 16. A billboard comprising: a support structure; a displaysurface mounted on the support structure; a first lighting assemblyaccording to claim 1 mounted on the support structure and located suchthat the predetermined area of the first lighting assembly comprises afirst half of the display surface; and a second lighting assemblyaccording to claim 1 mounted on the support structure and located suchthat the predetermined area of the second lighting assembly comprises asecond half of the display surface.
 17. A lighting assembly comprising:a carrier, a first lighting unit secured to a surface of the carrier,the first lighting unit comprising an LED element and an optical elementoverlying the LED element, wherein the first lighting unit is configuredto direct light toward a predetermined area such that the light from thefirst lighting unit is directed across the entire predetermined areawith a uniformity that achieves a 3:1 ratio of the average illuminationof the light from the first lighting unit across the entirepredetermined area to the minimum illumination of the light from thefirst lighting unit at any point on the predetermined area; and a secondlighting unit secured to a surface of the carrier, the second lightingunit comprising an LED element and an optical element overlying the LEDelement, wherein the second lighting unit is configured to direct lighttoward the predetermined area such that the light from the secondlighting unit is directed across the entire predetermined area with auniformity that achieves a 3:1 ratio of the average illumination of thelight from the second lighting unit across the entire predetermined areato the minimum illumination of the light from the second lighting unitat any point on the predetermined area.
 18. The lighting assembly ofclaim 17, wherein the first and second lighting units each comprise anLED panel that includes a plurality of LED chips, the first and secondlighting units being mounted on a carrier.
 19. The lighting assembly ofclaim 18, wherein the carrier comprises a thermally conductivesubstrate, wherein the first and second lighting units are secured to afirst surface of the substrate and a plurality of fins extend away froma second surface of the substrate, the second surface opposite the firstsurface.
 20. The light assembly of claim 17, further comprising: a thirdlighting unit secured to a surface of the carrier, the third lightingunit comprising an LED element and an optical element overlying the LEDelement, wherein the third lighting unit is configured to direct lighttoward the predetermined area such that the light from the thirdlighting unit is directed across the entire predetermined area with auniformity that achieves a 3:1 ratio of the average illumination of thelight from the third lighting unit across the entire predetermined areato the minimum illumination of the light from the third lighting unit atany point on the predetermined area; a fourth lighting unit secured to asurface of the carrier, the fourth lighting unit comprising an LEDelement and an optical element overlying the LED element, wherein thefourth lighting unit is configured to direct light toward thepredetermined area such that the light from the fourth lighting unit isdirected across the entire predetermined area with a uniformity thatachieves a 3:1 ratio of the average illumination of the light from thefourth lighting unit across the entire predetermined area to the minimumillumination of the light from the fourth lighting unit at any point onthe predetermined area; a fifth lighting unit secured to a surface ofthe carrier, the fifth lighting unit comprising an LED element and anoptical element overlying the LED element, wherein the fifth lightingunit is configured to direct light toward the predetermined area suchthat the light from the fifth lighting unit is directed across theentire predetermined area with a uniformity that achieves a 3:1 ratio ofthe average illumination of the light from the fifth lighting unitacross the entire predetermined area to the minimum illumination of thelight from the fifth lighting unit at any point on the predeterminedarea; and a sixth lighting unit secured to a surface of the carrier, thesixth lighting unit comprising an LED element and an optical elementoverlying the LED element, wherein the sixth lighting unit is configuredto direct light toward the predetermined area such that the light fromthe sixth lighting unit is directed across the entire predetermined areawith a uniformity that achieves a 3:1 ratio of the average illuminationof the light from the sixth lighting unit across the entirepredetermined area to the minimum illumination of the light from thesixth lighting unit at any point on the predetermined area.
 21. Thelighting assembly of claim 20, wherein the first, second, third, fourth,fifth and sixth lighting units each comprise a single LED, the first,second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth lighting units being mounted on acommon LED panel.
 22. The lighting assembly of claim 20, wherein thefirst, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth lighting units eachcomprise an LED panel that includes a plurality of LED chips, the first,second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth lighting units being mounted on acarrier.
 23. The lighting assembly of claim 17, wherein each of theoptical elements comprises a first lens element and a second lenselement disposed over the first lens element.
 24. The lighting assemblyof claim 17, wherein the lighting assembly is configured forilluminating a billboard that has a display surface extending betweenouter edges of the billboard, the predetermined area comprising theentirety of the display surface.
 25. A billboard comprising: a supportstructure; a display surface mounted on the support structure; and thelighting assembly of claim 17 mounted on the support structure andlocated such that the predetermined area comprises at least a portion ofthe display surface.
 26. The billboard of claim 25, wherein thepredetermined area comprises the entire display surface.
 27. A billboardcomprising: a support structure; a display surface mounted on thesupport structure; a first lighting assembly according to claim 17mounted on the support structure and located such that the predeterminedarea of the first lighting assembly comprises a first half of thedisplay surface; and a second lighting assembly according to claim 17mounted on the support structure and located such that the predeterminedarea of the second lighting assembly comprises a second half of thedisplay surface.
 28. A method of illuminating a predetermined area, themethod comprising: directing light from a first lighting unit toward thepredetermined area such that the light from the first lighting unit isdirected across the entire predetermined area, wherein a ratio of theaverage illumination of the light from the first lighting unit acrossthe entire predetermined area to the minimum illumination of the lightfrom the first lighting unit at any point on the predetermined area is3:1; at the same time, directing light from a second lighting unittoward the predetermined area such that the light from the secondlighting unit is directed across the entire predetermined area, whereina ratio of the average illumination of the light from the secondlighting unit across the entire predetermined area to the minimumillumination of the light from the second lighting unit at any point onthe predetermined area is 3:1; at the same time, directing light from athird lighting unit toward the predetermined area such that the lightfrom the third lighting unit is directed across the entire predeterminedarea, wherein a ratio of the average illumination of the light from thethird lighting unit across the entire predetermined area to the minimumillumination of the light from the third lighting unit at any point onthe predetermined area is 3:1; at the same time, directing light from afourth lighting unit toward the predetermined area such that the lightfrom the fourth lighting unit is directed across the entirepredetermined area, wherein a ratio of the average illumination of thelight from the fourth lighting unit across the entire predetermined areato the minimum illumination of the light from the fourth lighting unitat any point on the predetermined area is 3:1; at the same time,directing light from a fifth lighting unit toward the predetermined areasuch that the light from the fifth lighting unit is directed across theentire predetermined area, wherein a ratio of the average illuminationof the light from the fifth lighting unit across the entirepredetermined area to the minimum illumination of the light from thefifth lighting unit at any point on the predetermined area is 3:1; andat the same time, directing light from a sixth lighting unit toward thepredetermined area such that the light from the sixth lighting unit isdirected across the entire predetermined area, wherein a ratio of theaverage illumination of the light from the sixth lighting unit acrossthe entire predetermined area to the minimum illumination of the lightfrom the sixth lighting unit at any point on the predetermined area is3:1.
 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the illuminating comprisesilluminating a billboard that has a display surface extending betweenouter edges of the billboard, the predetermined area comprising theentirety of the display surface.
 30. The method of claim 28, wherein theilluminating comprises illuminating a billboard that has a displaysurface extending between outer edges of the billboard, thepredetermined area comprising half of the display surface.